Chitani malonda a commodities

Ubwino wa malonda a commodities ndi monga: Kusiyanitsa mapangidwe a ndalama (Portfolio diversification): Commodities nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kulumikizana kochepa ndi zinthu zachuma zachikhalidwe monga masheya ndi mabondi. Kuwonjezera commodities mu mapangidwe a malonda kungathandize kusiyanitsa chiwopsezo ndi kuchepetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa mapangidwewo. Chitetezo ku inflation (Inflation hedge): Commodities zambiri, monga golide, mafuta, ndi zinthu zaulimi, kale zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo ku inflation. Zinthu zoonekera (Tangible assets): Commodities zimayimira zinthu zenizeni. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mitengo ya pepala la commodity nthawi zina imatha kusiyana kwakanthawi ndi mitengo yeniyeni ya commodity pa nthawi ya mavuto a msika, kutanthauza kuti ma premium awonjezeka. Kuwonetsa chuma chapadziko lonse (Global economic exposure): Commodities nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza mmene chuma chapadziko lonse chiliri ndipo zimapereka chidziwitso cha thanzi la mafakitale ndi madera enieni. Kayendetsedwe ka chiwopsezo (Risk management): Kwa mabizinesi omwe ali mu mafakitale odalira commodities (mwachitsanzo, ulimi, mphamvu, kupanga zinthu), misika ya commodities imapereka njira yoyendetsera chiwopsezo cha mitengo kudzera mu hedging. Zizolowezi za nyengo (Seasonal trends): Commodities zambiri zimasonyeza njira zokhazikika za mitengo chifukwa cha zinthu monga nyengo, nthawi za kukolola, ndi kufunika kwa ogula. Amalondi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zizolowezi zakale kudziwiratu kusintha kwa mitengo ndi kupanga zisankho zanzeru za malonda. Kuwonekera poyera (Transparency): Misika ya commodities nthawi zambiri imakhala yowonekera poyera, pamene chidziwitso cha kupezeka ndi kufunika kwa zinthu chimapezeka mosavuta. Kuwonekera poyerako kumathandiza amalondi kupanga zisankho zanzeru.

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi uku: Umwini wa katundu woyambira: Pa malonda a commodities spot, mumagula ndi kukhala eni katundu weniweni kapena mgwirizano woimira umwini wa katunduyo. Pamene pa malonda a commodities CFD, palibe umwini wa katunduyo. M'malo mwake, mukuchita malonda pa kusuntha kwa mtengo wa katunduyo. Kupereka ndi kumaliza mgwirizano : Mipangano ya spot nthawi zambiri imakhudza kuperekedwa kweniweni kwa katundu wa thupi pa malo ndi nthawi yoikika. Izi ndi zofala pa katundu waulimi ndi mphamvu, pomwe kuperekedwa kwenikweni ndi mbali ya mgwirizanowo. CFD sizikhudza kuperekedwa kwa katundu wa thupi. M'malo mwake, ndi mipangano yomwe imaperekedwa mu ndalama. Leverage : Leverage pa malonda a spot nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa. Ngati mukufuna kugula kuchuluka kwake kwa katundu, nthawi zambiri muyenera kulipira mtengo wonse wogula. CFD imapereka leverage yaikulu, kulola osewera kuyang'anira ma positioni akuluakulu ndi ndalama zochepa. Ngakhale izi zingathe kuwonjezera phindu lomwe lingapezeke, zimawonjezeranso kutaya komwe kungachitike. Kugulitsa mwachidule (short selling) : Ndi ma CFD, ndizotheka kugulitsa katundu mwachidule (short-sell). Malamulo oyang'anira : Malonda a spot a katundu wa thupi nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za malamulo ndi mayendedwe, kuphatikizapo kusunga katundu, kunyamula, ndi miyezo ya mtundu. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi malamulo kungasiyane malinga ndi dziko ndi mtundu wa katundu. Mitengo : Malonda a spot angakhale ndi mitengo monga malipiro osunga katundu, mtengo wonyamula, ndi mtengo wa inshuwaransi, kutengera katunduyo. Kuwonjezera apo, ma commission ndi mitengo ina angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Malonda a CFD alibe ma commission koma m'malo mwake amakhala ndi mtengo wa spread ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi milandu ya ndalama tsiku ndi tsiku (kupatula pa maakaunti opanda swap).

Pa ma CFD ambiri a commodities, sipalibe zofunikira zosungira kapena kupereka chinthu chenicheni. Popeza ma CFD (contracts for difference) ndi zida zochokera ku zina (derivative), zimalola osewera malonda kungoyerekeza mmene mtengo wa commodities ukusinthira popanda kukhala ndi chinthu chenicheni. Ma CFD amathetsedwa mu ndalama zokha kutengera kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa pamene malonda anatsegulidwa ndi pamene anatsekedwa. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ma commodities ena, makamaka pa msika wa futures, angafune kupereka chinthu chenicheni ngati malonda asungidwa mpaka tsiku lomwe kontrakitiyo ikuthera. Pamenepa, osewera malonda angafunike kulandira chinthu chenicheni kapena kusamutsira malonda awo (roll over) kuti apewe udindo wopereka chinthu. Nkofunika kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe ndi mfundo za makontrakiti enieni a commodities omwe mukuchita malonda nawo.

Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza mitengo ya commodities monga: Kupezeka ndi kufunika (Supply and demand): Kuyenda bwino pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunika ndi chinthu chachikulu chochititsa mitengo ya commodities. Zinthu monga magawo opanga, mikhalidwe ya nyengo, zochitika za ndale padziko lonse, ndi kusintha kwa mmene anthu amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zingakhudze mmene kupezeka ndi kufunika zimayendera. Zinthu za chuma: Zizindikiro za chuma, monga kukula kwa GDP, inflation, ziwongola dzinthu, ndi mitengo yosinthanitsira ndalama, zingakhudze mitengo ya commodities. Mitengo ya commodities nthawi zambiri imasonyeza umoyo wonse wa chuma cha dziko kapena dera. Mfundo za boma: Malamulo a boma, mfundo za malonda, thandizo la ndalama (subsidies), misonkho yolowetsa katundu (tariffs), ndi misonkho ina zingakhudze mitengo ya commodities. Bata la ndale komanso mavuto a ndale padziko lonse zingakhudzenso kwambiri. Mikhalidwe ya nyengo: Mmene nyengo imakhalira, kuphatikizapo chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo yamkuntho, ndi masoka ena achilengedwe, zingakhudze commodities zaulimi ndi commodities za mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho yokhudza kupanga mafuta ku Gulf of Mexico). Kuyerekezera ndi malingaliro a amalonda: Zochita za malonda ozungulira zoyerekeza ndi malingaliro a amalonda zingachititse kusintha kwa nthawi yochepa pa mitengo ya commodities. Chikhumbo cha amalonda chogwiritsa ntchito commodities ngati chitetezo motsutsana ndi inflation kapena ngati chuma chotetezeka chingakhudzenso mitengo. Mphamvu ya ndalama ya US dollar: Popeza commodities nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mtengo mu ndalama ya US dollar, mphamvu ya dollar yoyezedwa ndi US Dollar Index (DXY) imakhudza mitengo ya commodities mosiyana (inversely).